The Importance of Getting a Pap Smear

Ladies, it's completely normal to feel a bit anxious about undergoing a Pap smear. However, this lifesaving screening tool is simple to prepare for and quick to perform.

What is a Pap smear?

A Pap smear is a screening test that collects cells from the surface of the cervix, which are then sent to a laboratory for evaluation. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. During a Pap smear, your healthcare provider conducts two tests: cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing.

• Cytology looks at cells directly from the cervix for any abnormalities.
• The HPV test looks for the virus that can cause cell changes on the cervix.

What is HPV?

Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is a virus that spreads through skin-to-skin sexual contact. It is responsible for most cervical cancer cases. This viral infection may remain symptomless for years. There are numerous strains of HPV, and during a Pap smear, your health care provider will screen for high-risk types to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

What happens during a Pap smear?

A Pap smear is a quick procedure done in a healthcare professional's office. You may need to undress from the waist down and will lie on your back with your knees bent in stirrups. A speculum will be gently inserted into your vagina to hold it open for easy access to your cervix, which may cause some cramping or pressure. Samples of cervical cells will be collected using a soft brush, typically without pain, though light spotting may occur afterward. The samples are placed in a special liquid and sent to a lab for examination under a microscope for signs of cancer or abnormal cells.

And yes, you can still proceed with your Pap smear even if you are experiencing vaginal discharge or are on your menstrual cycle, as long as it is not too heavy.

Why is it important to get a Pap smear?

Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in females. The Pap smear plays a crucial role in screening for cervical cancer. While cervical cancer screenings typically begin at age 21, this age may vary for individuals, so it's essential to consult your doctor to determine the best time for your Pap smear. Patients should also stick to the screening schedule recommended by health care professionals. These tests are vital for detecting both precancerous and cancerous cells, providing important insights that can inform treatment decisions. Pap smears allow for providers to identify precancerous conditions and treat them before cancer arises.

What happens if I have an abnormal Pap smear?

If your Pap smear or HPV test is abnormal, your health care provider may recommend further evaluation, which could include repeat testing in one year or a biopsy. If your Pap smear is normal, a follow-up exam will be scheduled as advised.

If you have any questions or concerns about the process, what a Pap smear involves, or related recommendations, please do not hesitate to contact your health care provider for additional information.

Justine Morris, F.N.P-C., M.S.N. is a nurse practitioner accepting new patients at MyMichigan Obstetrics & Gynecology in West Branch. Her goal as a provider is to ensure patients are treated with compassion, and to educate patients so they can make informed decisions.

Resources:

Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines | ACOG

Screening for Cervical Cancer in Resource-Rich Settings

Patient education: Human papillomavirus (HPV) (The Basics)